European citizenship
by country

Today, the majority of children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, and great-great-grandchildren of original German citizens are entitled to reclaim their nationality. One of the laws that makes this possible is temporary. Take action now.

Nearly all children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren of original Austrian citizens dating back to 1918 are entitled to apply for recognition of Austrian citizenship.

Eligibility for Czech citizenship for children and grandchildren depends on the departure dates of parents, grandparents, or great-grandparents, as well as the birth dates of descendants born abroad.

Slovakia currently offers one of the most accessible citizenship pathways in the EU, thanks to the 2022 Reform. It allows grandchildren and great-grandchildren to reclaim their heritage through a streamlined process.

Spain offers several pathways to citizenship, including citizenship by descent for children of Spanish nationals, citizenship by residency, and citizenship by letter of naturalization.

French nationality is governed primarily by the right of blood (Ius Sanguinis). The Certificat de Nationalité Française (CNF) is the document required by the French authorities to formally recognize your citizenship.

Greece recognizes the right to citizenship for descendants of Greek citizens and imposes no generational limit on applications. If you have Greek heritage and can substantiate it with documentation, the Greek State considers you a citizen from birth.

Hungary recognizes the right to citizenship for descendants of Hungarian citizens across generations, regardless of place of birth. The applicable procedure varies depending on whether the chain of citizenship remained uninterrupted or was broken at some point in history.

Irish citizenship follows a strict generational order: transmission to children is automatic, but eligibility for grandchildren and great-grandchildren depends on prior registration by the preceding generation.

Restoration of Citizenship: a right available to children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren of those who were citizens of Lithuania between 1918 and 1940 and left the country prior to 1990. Unlike other legal frameworks, Lithuania makes no distinction between grandparents and great-grandparents for purposes of transmission.

Poland recognizes the right to citizenship for the majority of descendants of those who held Polish citizenship (male citizens) from Independence in 1918 onward. Women lost their citizenship upon marrying a non-Polish national or naturalizing in another country, until January 1951.

Portuguese citizenship allows transmission by bloodline to children, by marriage to spouses, and to minor children born after the recognition of citizenship granted to applicants under the Sephardic Law or through Naturalization.